Analysis Of The Book The Raisin Of The Sun - 1878 Words

MAJOR WORKS REVIEW General Title : Raisin in the Sun Author : Lorraine Hansberry Date of Original Publication : 3/11/1959 Novel Type : Realistic Drama Play Structure Point of View : The play is written in a third person point of view of the narrator. Relationship to meaning: Being the narrator of the play, you will know the background and description of each character, the setting and mood of the stage. Plot Structure Exposition : The Younger family has recently lost their head of the family, Mama’s husband, and are going to be given 10,000$ from their insurance. They are an African American family in the working class that lives on the South side of Chicago and struggling with financial difficulties. Inciting Incident : This is when the Younger family was informed that they will be getting a 10,000$ check of insurance money. This is when they all start deciding on how they could benefit from the money and beginning to take action for their dreams. Events contributing to rising action : When the check finally arrives, Mama decides to go off on her own and paid the 3,500$ down payment to a house in Clybourne park. This really upsets Walter because he thought that he would never be able to achieve his dreams anymore since the money got spent on a new house. Mama then decides to put the rest of the remaining money into Walter’s hands for him to spend on to whatever he would want (liquor store), but only after putting 3,000$ into a savings account for Beneatha to useShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book A Raisin Of The Sun 2263 Words   |  10 PagesMAJOR WORKS REVIEW GENERAL 1. Title : A Raisin in the Sun 2. Author: Lorraine Hansberry 3. Original Publication: March 11, 1959 4. Novel Type: Domestic Tragedy STRUCTURE 1. Point of View: 2. Relationship to meaning: 3. Plot Structure a. Exposition b. Inciting Incident c. Events contributing to rising action d. Climax (Crisis/turning point) e. Events contributing to falling action f. Resolution g. Other Significant Structural Elements: CHARACTERS 1. Protagonist a. Name and significance:Read MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beneatha In A Raisin In The Sun1487 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis â€Å" A Raisin in the Sun† is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry about the life of an African American family during the era of segregation. The play starts off with the Younger family receiving a 10,000 dollar check from Mr. Younger’s insurance policy. The family argues over what they are going to do with it. Mama wants to buy a house with it, Walter wants to invest in a liquor store, and Beneatha wants to use the money to go to medical school. The contrast of the characters’ personalitiesRead MoreThe Poetry Of Harlem And Women Have Loved Before As I Love Now925 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge when reading a poem written a long time ago. Misinterpreting the meaning can cause some bigger issues in the dialect or if you someone wanted to write an analysis on the poem. In Harlem, only eleven lines are written with such greater meaning to the sentences. For example, â€Å"like a raisin in the sun?† could mean that the raisin is already supposed to be dry, like our dreams are supposed to be settle. As for Women Have Loved Before As I Love Now, has fourteen lines that have a higher intellectualRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words   |  4 Pagestwo different english classes a year. We read different writing pieces, wrote essays, and learned techniques that help us develop our reading and writing skills. In middle school the writing tasks were easier and funner than high school. We read books like the Diary of Anne Frank, The Freedom Writers, and Romeo and Juliet, that I actually found interesting. They would give us the task of writing our own journals. We had to write an entry every day a page or more long, like Anne Frank and like TheRead MoreThe Moving Train : History Of Segregation1866 Words   |  8 Pagestrain. Passengers in a train know that they are going in a wrong direction, but they are afraid of jumping off a train. They decide to go wherever the train goes. The majority of white Americans were those passengers throughout the history. In A Raisin in the Sun, there is one white American who appears. Karl Lindner is a representative of a white neighborhood called Clybourne Park in Chicago. He suggests to the Younger family not to move into his white neighborhood. The neighbors think living separatelyRead MoreComparing Themes of To Kill a Mockingbird and A Raisin in the Su n1962 Words   |  8 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird and A Raisin in the Sun are books both written during a time of racial tension and inequality. Harper Lee and Lorraine Hansberry lived through the civil rights movement and saw the physical and verbal harassment against African Americans. This experience is evident in both works as the theme of fighting prejudice shines through. The goal of this paper is to compare and contrast the theme in both books and how it affected both of the families. Also, throughout the paper I willRead MoreHow Money Plays A Big Role1956 Words   |  8 PagesHow Money Plays a Big Role The Play, A Raisin in the Sun, written by Lorraine Hansberry, is a story about an African American family, the Youngers, who live in an awfully, small sized, ghetto apartment in Chicago. The Youngers include, Lena the mother aka Mrs. Younger, Walter her son, Beneatha her daughter, as well as Ruth her daughter in law and Travis her grandson. The Youngers, essentially, establish a decent perspective of how money, poverty, and racism all play a role in society as well asRead MoreTupac Shakur: A Brief Life Story1779 Words   |  7 Pagesprison after trying to help his sister escape prison. When Shakur was only 12 years he starred in the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† he was a boy named Travis Younger and he also got the chance to preform it at the famous Apollo Theater in Manhattan, New York. In order to understand why Tupac Shakur is and American cultured icon, one need to have a description of his background a critical analysis of his moral behavior and his impact and importa nce in American music. A couple of years later he and hisRead MoreAfrican American Household, By Marie Louis Anderson1835 Words   |  8 Pages Marie Louis Anderson writes black matriarchy to critically analysis the African American household, in which she examines the household culture and the matriarch in which the house operates under, many points are raised during this book. The most important of these points being , The Black matriarch regards the Black male as undependable and is frequently responsible for his emasculation, is often very religious, regards mothering as one of the most important in her life, attempts to shield herRead MoreThe Discourse Community Of The English Subject2328 Words   |  10 PagesAuthors and poets such as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Claude McKay helped to rebirth and create an era in which African-Americans were able to find freedom in expression through books and poems during a racially charged era. During the Civil rights movement era books such as â€Å"a Raisin in the sun† by Lorraine Hansberry and authors such as Alice Walker and Gwendolyn Brooks helped to describ e the racial challenges blacks faced during this time through their writings and their novels. They

The Life and Works of William Shakespeare - 2100 Words

William Shakespeare was born the third child and the first son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. It is estimated that he was born on April 22 or 23 of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and he died on April 23 of 1616. For that reason it is typically said that his birthday was also on April 23(Lee 8). He married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. William Shakespeare was a man of many talents who wrote numerous pieces in his lifetime. He wrote comedies, histories, tragedies, and romances. Shakespeare also wrote both plays and poems. From 1601-1608, many of Shakespeare’s plays showed â€Å"Jacobean characteristics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ meaning that the â€Å"comedies were few in number and lack joyous affirmation(Bevington 63).† Many of his first pieces showed his background of â€Å"classical reading(Bevington 48).† Robert Greene made an attack on Shakespeare, also being the first allusion to him, in one of his works saying that Shakespeare was â€Å"a Jack-of-all-tra des-actor, playwright, poet, and theatrical handyman in the directing and producing of plays(Bevington 50).† Though this was an attack on Shakespeare, it does show just how many different things that he did in his lifetime. Shakespeare had a style that was all his own. He had similarities in his work to other works of the same time period but still his are different also. Shakespeare is still well known today and even after almost four millennia since his death, his works are still taught in many schools. Shakespeare is best known for his plays.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Work Transcends Time1092 Words   |  5 Pagesof their literary work. During the Elizabethan time period, William Shakespeare began his remarkable career as a playwright changing/impacting blank. William Shakespeare’s life and work transcends time because of their relative relatability. William Shakespeare’s childhood was privileged in some ways. In â€Å"William Shakespeare; Life of Drama,† a documentary produced by by Rod Caird, Shakespeare was christened on April 26th in the year 1564. According to the website â€Å"Shakespeare of Stratford† publishedRead MoreBiography of William Shakespeare1709 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Real or Fake? Introduction Who is the real Shakespeare? There are those who insist that William Shakespeare is the author of the many works attributed to him and reports state that there are those who believe some type of conspiracy exists to protect the real name of the author of those works. Claims state that there is no evidence to document William Shakespeare of Stratford as the author and that he did not have the aristocratic background, education, or knowledge to haveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Good And Lasting Legacy822 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare left a good, lasting legacy that we see almost every day and we don t even know it s there. A legacy is something that you leave behind weather good or bad, Shakespeare s left a legacy of books and being thought as one of the greatest writers in the world. In William’s life he created many pieces of literature and words that people use everywhere today. We may not know a whole lot about William Shakespeare’s life but we can see that he was a veryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1733 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare is a figure shrouded in mystery. In this paper, the title of â€Å"Shakespeare† will refer to the author of the works currently credited to William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon. Shakespeare is undoubtedly one of the most famous writers of all time. He created masterpieces like Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and several more. For a long period of time, William Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon was c onsidered the author of all the works credited to Shakespeare. For over a centuryRead MoreDelving into the Personality of Shakespeare in â€Å"What Was He Really Like? by Stanley Wells653 Words   |  3 Pagesbiographies written about William Shakespeare attempt to explain his life chronologically from birth to death. These accounts aim to describe his life through discussing his works and accomplishments. The problem with this pattern is that there are only so many ways humans can rewrite the same facts about the same person. Contrary to most papers about Shakespeare, the essay titled â€Å"What Was He Really Like?†, written by Stanley Wells, focuses internally on who Shakespeare was as an ordinary personRead Moreâ€Å"To Be, Or Not To Be: That Is The Question:† (Shakespeare,935 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is the question:† (Shakespeare, Hamlet 3.1.56). This is a famous quote from William Shakespeare’s famous play Hamlet. However, what inspired Shakespeare to write such a play? What inspired Shakespeare to create any of his famous works? These questions can only be answered by looking into Shakespeare’s life and the events that came to pass when he wrote his plays. Therefore William Shakespeare wrote many of his plays derived from inspiration that came from events in his life whether they were tragicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Biography Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pageswas Shakespeare Biography? Who was William Shakespeare? Where was he born? Where did he go to school? How did William Shakespeare live his life from the beginning to the ending? William Shakespeare’s life became a great mystery with lack of evidence to support any findings. His schooling, his family and parents will be revealed in my paper. Who were William Shakespeare’s parents? The parents of Mr. Shakespeare were John Shakespeare and Mary Arden Shakespeare. Mary Arden married William ShakespeareRead MoreEssay about William Shakespeares Life in London763 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare spent the later years of his life in London, England. This part of his life deserves to be noted, because of his outstanding accomplishments towards society. A big part of Shakespeare’s accomplishments derive in the city of London. William Shakespeare’s life in London consisted of the lost years, involvements with the Globe Theater, creations of brilliant Early works, articulate writing styles that catch the eye, and controversies about whether Shakespeare was educated enoughRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life1307 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare s life was very interesting, to say the least about him. â€Å"An English playwright and poet, William Shakespeare is often considered the gre atest dramatist the world has ever known and the most recognized poet in the English language† (Lindaman). From a very young age, William was a very bright kid, who had gained a love for theater. Ever since that love as a kid, it only grew stronger. Not only did he have a love for theater, but also poetry. Throughout Shakespeare’s life familyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: Analysis of the Famous Playwright Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesplaywright, William Shakespeare, reveals the struggles he overcame and activities he did during his childhood, as a playwright, his involvement with the Globe theatre after moving to England, and during the time of his death, along with some interesting and concerning facts about him. William Shakespeare lived a normal childhood along with his parents and siblings. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 23, 1564 as the third of eight Shakespeare children. Shakespeare and his siblings

Welcome to the Monkey House free essay sample

Welcome to the Monkey House The character that experiences a radical change in her perception of the world from the beginning to the end of the story is Nancy. Nancy begins the story as a Hostess, a beautiful, intelligent lady who, in order to reduce the population of Earth, which has reached 17 billion people runs an Ethical Suicide Parlor, a place were people can come to die painlessly, by their own choice. She is the definition of the government- by aiding in the killing the population; she represents a government official in this story. She believes her Job to be moral, ethical, right, and necessary. By the end of the story, when Nancy has become a nothinghead, which she views as the ultimate betrayal to her country, she has a different perspective on sex. Having been deflowered, she still views sex as a bad thing, but realizes that eventually she will accept sex. We will write a custom essay sample on Welcome to the Monkey House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A major symbol in this short story is the Ethical Birth Control Pills. These pills remove feeling from the waist down, and turn ones urine blue. They do not eliminate the ability to reproduce, because this would be unethical, but any pleasure, which ould be derived from sex, is eliminated. These pills represent the governments control over the people. They represent the governments inability to let the human race reproduce, and the need to control this action. The theme of this short story is the relationship between the human populations and the sexual urges they feel. Vonnegut initially leads the reader to believe that he feels that sex is derogatory to the development of humans, and in the state of overpopulation we find ourselves in during this story, sex is bad. People are completely over crowded, there is absolutely o space left on the planet for us to inhabit. The idea of sex is Just too risky to be available to the public. If people knew how pleasurable sex is, the human population could continue to expand, which obviously cannot happen in the current state of the world. However, it is not sex itself that is the evil Vonnegut describes. In fact by the end of the story, Vonnegut seems to be endorsing sex, rather than speaking against it. The real predator in the situation is reproduction, not sex. Sex without reproduction is not only beneficial to an individuals well being, but the community as whole. Reproduction is what spawns population growth, not sex. So it is not sex that the government is afraid of in this future world, it is what could happen as a result of sex. The nothingheads know the pleasures sex provides to a person and do not wish to lose this, so therefore refuse to take the ethical birth control pills. By having Nancy end up with the nothingheads, Vonnegut seems to be confirming the idea that sex is okay, as long as it is done without risk. Based off of these revelations, I have concluded that the theme of this short story is to have safe sex. By Jschreder99

The Concept of Pop Music

Music can be divided into many styles depending on a host of factors, including the message, tempo, target audience, region of origin, and the instruments used to make the music. Different styles and forms of music have qualified to be known as popular music due to their wide appeal to some sections of the population, though they may be equally disliked with passion by other sections of the population. Pop music is one such style of popular music that I personally dislike.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Pop Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Deriving from rock and roll, Pop music found its distinctiveness in the 1950s to not only become one of the world’s most listened style of popular music, but also one of the very few styles to achieve a global appeal and following. In contemporary times, pop music is best represented by such artists as Christina Aguilera, Rihanna, Carly Rae Jepsen, Taylor Swift, Shakira, Michael Jackson, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Britney Spears (https://www.artistdirect.com/videos/pop/66). Some of the noted founders of pop music include the Raspberries, Cheap Trick, The Beatles, The Knack, and Big Star (https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-pop-music-3246980). Pop music has unique characteristics that differentiate it from other styles of popular music. For example, pop music is often characterized by short-to-medium length songs, which are essentially written in a basic format such as the verse-chorus arrangement. Another characteristic of pop music which makes it distinctive from other styles is the common employment of repeated choruses and catchy hooks in songs, making the songs memorable and easy to grasp within a short span of listening. Additionally, it can be argued that most artists who sing pop music are concerned primarily with advancing audience pleasure in listening to the music. These characteristics imply that pop music is not perfo rmed and recorded as a symphony, suite, or concerto; rather the most basic arrangement for pop music is the song consisting of verse and repeated chorus, and ranging between 2 Â ½ minutes and 5 Â ½ minutes in length. It can be argued that pop music employs the concept of simple harmonies as most artists augment a melody line by playing musical notes at the same time, either higher or lower than the melody note itself, and therefore thickening up a vocal or guitar lead line to provide the whole melody with a totally different feel. Pop idols such as Britney Spears and Shakira make a massive distinction in their songs by adding just a few harmonies in elected places in line with the concept of simple harmonies. Additionally, it can be argued that pop musicians not only employ repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and catchy hooks to come up with a totally distinctive type of music, but also use electric guitars, bass for instrumentation, and drums to enhance the musical experience. Pop music finds its huge appeal in the targeted audience by not only utilizing electric guitars, drums, bass for instrumentation, and simple harmonies, thereby making the music pleasurable and smooth to listen to, but also in its capability to borrow and incorporate elements, concepts and ideas from a wide range of musical styles, including rock, metal, RB, country music, disco, Latin music, punk and hip hop.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These adaptations do not necessarily imply that pure pop does not exist; on the contrary, the genre continues to find wide appeal as music which characteristically consists of comparatively brief songs played on the contemporary electric guitar, bass and drums with lead vocals that have a very imperious catchy chorus, or hook. This essay on The Concept of Pop Music was written and submitted by user Kayla Parrish to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

AirAsi Case Study Essays

AirAsi Case Study Essays AirAsi Case Study Essay AirAsi Case Study Essay AirAsi Once the plane of AirAsia takes away, the transit service provided to the clients is consumed at the same time. Since there is no nutrient provided during the service, AirAsia has made usage of this chance to sell nutrient and drinks. Through the merchandising procedure, it creates interaction with clients and it allows them to percept the quality of the service. No free luggage allowance There is no free luggage allowance on AirAsia X. Unlike other air hoses who decide to increase airfares that are imposed on all riders, AirAsia X believes that by bear downing for checked-in luggage, it is more sensible and it will assist to maintain air menus low. AirAsia X will incur more fuel costs with every kg of weight added to the aircraft. Therefore, invitees who take on less weight will be able to salvage more. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp ) Fully ticketless travel AirAsia is a ticketless air hose, hence, alternatively of tickets ; they will supply you with an itinerary which contains your booking figure every bit good as your payment and travel inside informations via electronic mail. This is besides a agency of cutting cost by non publishing any tickets. Unassigned seats The seats on AirAsia are based on free seating manner. There will non be any seats assigned to you unless you pay an excess fee for it. Therefore, we would see long waiting line at the waiting country of AirAsia as many of the riders would desire to catch the best seats for the flight. By implementing free seating program, it helps to promote riders to be punctual so that the plane could take of early. Safety trip AirAsia pilots pattern criterion applications, proficient and behavioral trials, land school preparation, safety and exigency procedural preparation, full flight simulator. Travel with AirAsia pilots who have both head and bosom. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT ) Self Check-in Service Self Check-in is a service that allows invitees to check-in from our airdrome booths, via Mobile or online on our web site without necessitating to be at the check-in counter at the airdrome. With this installation, it helps the clients to salvage their clip and besides need non hold to line up up early for the embarkation base on balls. This installation if convenient and it besides helps to increase demand for the AirAsia seats for people who prefer fast and efficient check-in service without long waiting line. ( THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT ) Explicit Servicess Attractive and sexy air-stewardesses The air hostesss of AirAsia are celebrated for their attraction. With ruddy shirt and skirt on them, it truly enhances their beauty and this makes the trip truly pleasant for the clients. They are friendly and would ever recognize their client with a smiling. AirAsia even advertise the faces of their air air hostess on their plane. Their chief responsibility on flight is to execute the safety safeguards processs to the riders and besides walk around the cabin to help the riders and besides to see if they need to buy any nutrient. However, there were a minority who complaint that the air air hostesss are unfriendly and do non recognize the clients when they see them. Therefore, AirAsia still necessitate to work on their consistence of their air air hostesss. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=xivjlxNim18 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=1p31o7hkW_A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=Ah-p-qL8Xj0 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airasia.com/site/sg/en/pressRelease.jsp? id=14f35316-c0a8c85d-eb784700-58cd40f1 A ; type=read Quality of the client service There were legion of feedbacks kicking that the machine-controlled system of the helpline was giving them a tally about without supplying a solution. Many of the clients complained that it is merely impossible to acquire through the helpline and speak to a staff to help them. And even if they got through ; the staffs were unhelpful and were rude to them. For those who lose their luggage during their flight, AirAsia has non been really efficient in helping the clients. Their answer was slow and the claim is even slower. Comprehensiveness Singapore Airlines V. AirAsia? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Or Tiger Airway V AirAsia? ? ? Consistency Harmonizing to research, AirAsia have ever seeking their best to keep their on clip going record by offering unassigned seats and supplying self check-in service to client to promote them to be punctual. Despite the attempt to keep punctual going record, there are still a figure of ailments sing the hold and cacellation of flight. In event when flight has been cancelled, riders were informed last minute and they complained that the staffs was non really helpful and willing in helping them in the engagement of new tickets. Therefore, there is still room for betterment sing AirAsia s client service and their on clip going record. Handiness Website is available with information that the clients wish to happen out. ( E.g. Monetary values, publicities and flight info ) . It besides allows clients to book and purchase tickets online handily. Name centre and gross revenues office is besides available in every state where AirAsia is located in.

Free Term Paper

Free Term Paper Free Term Paper Free Term Paper Free term paper has many advantages as well as disadvantages. From one side, free term paper gives you a chance to read a relevant sample on your topic before you start writing your own paper. From the other side, many students copy free term paper and submit it as their own. Copying results in plagiarism and F for the course. offers the following services: 1) free term paper samples; 2) free term paper writing tips; 3) custom term paper writing service. The benefits of custom written papers are many. Firstly, custom term paper is written from scratch. Secondly, custom term paper is never posted online. Thirdly, you can ask for as many revisions as you need! Do not hesitate to order professional term paper writing service at our site! Free Term Paper Sample Nuclear power has been used in desalting plants. As a precedent for such an idea there are combination steam-electric and water-conversion plants such as that operating on the island of Aruba in the West Indies. Here the by-product heat from a power plant is used to desalt the island's drinking water. The first nuclear-powered desalination plant was built by the United States at its military base at McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic. This is a small unit, producing 14,400 gallons of fresh water daily, and not economically competitive with conventionally fueled distillation plants. However, since it is very costly to import fuel to this distant base, the nuclear desalting plant was judged to be advisable. Experts feel that to compete with coal, oil, or gas, nuclear power must produce at least 50 megawatts of power and ten million gallons of fresh water a day. Russia seems to have a lead on the United States in the field of large nuclear desalination plants. In the city of Shevchenko on the and east shore of the Caspian Sea, there is a conventional power-plant-desalination combination supplying 1 1/2 million gallons of fresh water a day. The Russians have immediate plans for another desalination plant at Shevchenko, this one to be supplied with heat from a nuclear power plant. Our country is planning for such nuclear combination plants by the middle of the next decade. In March 1964, the Office of Science and Technology reported the findings of its study of large nuclear-powered desalination plants. Suggested as feasible by 1975 were installations producing from 1000 to 1500 megawatts of power and from 500 to 800 million gallons of water per day. Fresh water would be produced at a cost of less than $0.30 per 1000 gallons. Sites suggested for these giant dual-purpose nuclear-energy plants were Southern California, Arizona, the Gulf Coast, a nd the New York City area. The firm of Atomics International has proposed a combination nuclear power plant and desalination plant for erection in California. This sodium graphite reactor would produce 400,000 kilowatts of electricity and 50 million gallons of byproduct fresh water daily at a cost of only $0.26 per 1000 gallons. On a shorter-range basis, a joint committee of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Department of the Interior began investigation of smaller plants producing between 5 and 100 million gallons of fresh water a day and from 150 to 750 megawatts of electricity. These smaller plants are foreseen as early as 1970.

Create Short-term Wins step 6 - The Heart of Change book - GE case + Research Paper

Create Short-term Wins step 6 - The Heart of Change book - GE case + executive summary - Research Paper Example This idea seemed rather surprising for me at first glance; but then, I understood that the majority of important decisions made in the company is based on emotions. That is why it is worth taking this idea into account. One more new thing I have learnt after reading The Heart of Change is that the company can be changed successfully only by means of eight steps. They are these ones: 1) increase urgency, 2) build the guiding team, 3) get the vision right, 4) communicate for by-in, 5) empower action, 6) create short-term wins, 7) don’t let up and 8) make change stick. The book under consideration helped me to comprehend that each of the seven steps listed above are very important and nothing will be changed in the organization and functioning of the company if one of the steps is omitted. For example, it is very important to create short-term wins. They are necessary to plan all processes and foresee the results of concrete work. Moreover, this step is a good way to motivate emp loyees and organize all the staff of the company. It is logical that nothing will be achieved without this step because no company can be successful for a long period of time without a concrete plan. It should be stressed that the sixth step is the best basis for good planning in any company. It should be mentioned that the authors of The Heart of Change pay the reader’s attention to the stories that demonstrate the relevance of the sixth step. They are the stories to remember: the List of the Bulletin Boards, Creating the New Navy, The Senator Owned a Trucking Company and Hoopla. All these stories teach the reader to apply the short-term wins in his/her organization. Another explanation of the short-term wins is â€Å"quick achievements†. There is a growing body of evidence that no person may be working for a long period of time if he/she does not see the results of his/her efforts. That is why it is very important to resort to the use of the sixth step. It is no wond er that it is also applied in Jack Welch’s leadership. The creation of short-term wins helps to achieve a lot of important aims. They are: Quick achievements help to get constant feedback and motivate leaders. The latter are persuaded that their actions are valid and important for the whole company. Wins provide all the members of the company with an emotional uplift. This changes the atmosphere in the company and makes it more enthusiastic and friendly. Short-term wins make more passive people become interested in the process. They see success by means of quick achievements and understand that it is necessary to join the process. Short-term wins leave no voice to cynics and those, who like to criticize the policy of the administration. The effectiveness of short-term wins is demonstrated through the creation of â€Å"the Big Four.† This means that the company does not write the list of all its purposes, but chooses just four important goals to achieve. This ruse makes the results seem more visible. The list with four aims is placed in every place, where the employees may gather. They see â€Å"the Big Four† and understand that the company is

Effects of Interest Rates on Consumer Purchasing Term Paper

Effects of Interest Rates on Consumer Purchasing - Term Paper Example An increase in interest rates may have different effects on the consumer buying behaviors. One of the effects is that it causes a rise in borrowing cost. Therefore, consumers are going to be discouraged to borrow or save. The increased interests will leave consumers with little disposable income and therefore this will reduce consumption or consumer buying   (Soderlind, p.402). Another effect of a rise in interest rates on consumer behavior is the desire to save rather than to spend. The consumers will tend to save their money since they will be encouraged by the high-interest rates the banks offer. The value of the dollar increases with a rise in interest rates. One cause for the increase is the increased money flows. Therefore, investors are more likely to save in US banks if the US rates are high compared to other countries. The main result of a stronger dollar is that it makes exporting from the US not to be competitive leading to  increase in exports and a reduction in imports. In the long run, consumer consumption will have reduced in places outside the United States of America. Increased interest rate reduces the buyers’ willingness to make investments, as well as risky purchases. Consequently, they shy off from borrowing and end up saving for fear of losing their money. In such cases, demand for products reduces and there is a general reduction in consumer expenditure on goods (Esch, p. 302). The rise in interest rates has the general effect of reducing the consumers’ demand for purchasing products. In the case of an increase, consumers try to save and spend less due to a reduced disposable income. On the other side, a reduction in the interest rates will affect the consumers buying behavior in various ways. One way is that lower interest rates will result in reduced returns on savings.  

A New American Society Essay Example for Free

A New American Society Essay After the Americans gained independence from Britain in 1783 in the revolution. The colonies began to change their economic, social and political system, and began to write their new constitution that lead to the override of the Articles of Confederation in 1781. The major change the Americans accomplished was the separation from the monarchy. Thomas Paine said â€Å"the nearer any government approaches to a republic the less business there is for a king.† (Common Sense 1776) During the process of a new central government, states became independent with their own central government. However, this would give the central government less power over the 13 states. Another huge change in the colonies was the separation from the church. A preacher stated that under British rule that there was a â€Å"Moral obligation, imposed on the world, to answer the purposes of ambitious usurps.† (Lorenzo Dow pg.197) This would later lead to outpouring religious enthusiasm in the colonies and the Great Awakening. An economic issue was that only the states could impose taxes in the states and congress could only request funds to pay off debt. Another factor was that the government did not have a stable money currency in the colonies, which made it difficult to barter or trade with other states. The Northern part of the colonies focused more in manufacturing and the South depended on agricultural needs. Jefferson believed in more of an agricultural economy â€Å"our exterior commerce has suffered very much from the beginning†¦ we have manufactured†¦those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God† (Notes on the state of the Virginia pg. 170). On the other hand, Hamilton believed in trading manufactured goods with Britain and believed in a society of manufacturing. The weak Articles of confederation lead to a new constitution in the colonies. The articles of confederation were ratified in the constitutional convention of 1781 in Philadelphia. Reasons it was considered â€Å"weak† was the lack of checks and balances, government could not impose taxes, and central government was weak and the lack of personal rights of the colonists. â€Å"Make the following declarations, of our humble opinions, respecting the most essential rights and liberties of the colonists† (Declaration of rights pg. 124). James Madison was one of the founding fathers of the new constitution, because of his federalist papers.

The Soliloquies of Shakespeares Hamlet - To be or not to be Soliloquy :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet --   â€Å"To be or not to be† Soliloquy      Ã‚   When the Bard of Avon created Hamlet, he simultaneously created the famous soliloquy ever uttered by English-speaking men. Thus it is that literary critics rank Hamlet’s fourth soliloquy as the most notable ever penned. Let’s examine in this essay how such a high ranking is deserved, and what the soliloquy means.    In his essay â€Å"An Explication of the Player’s Speech,† Harry Levin refers to the fourth soliloquy as the most famous of them all:    Dwelling on gross details and imperfections of the flesh (â€Å"Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight†), Hamlet will admonish his mother that sense-perception is dulled by sensual indulgence. Here insensibility is communicated by a rhetorical assault upon the senses: primarily â€Å"the very faculties of eyes and ears,† but incidentally touch and even taste. Leaving the senseless Priam to the insensate Pyrrhus, after another hiatus of half a line (37), the speech addresses violent objurgations to the bitch-goddess Fortune, about whom Hamlet   has lately cracked ribald jokes with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern; whose buffets and rewards he prizes Horatio for suffering with equanimity; against whom he will, in the most famous of all soliloquies [my italics], be tempted to take arms. (36)    Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes just how close the hero is to suicide while reciting his most famous soliloquy:      Hamlet enters, desperate enough by this time to be thinking of suicide. It seems to him that it would be such a sure way of escape from torment, just to cease existing, and he gives the famous speech on suicide that has never been worn thin by repetition. â€Å"To be, or not to be . . .† It would be easy to stop living.    To die, to sleep; No more. And by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to . . .    But Hamlet has never succeeded in deceiving himself, and he cannot do so now. . . . [He] will not . . . be able to kill himself. He has thought too much about it to be able to take any action. (39)    Considering the context of this most notable soliloquy, the speech appears to be a reaction from the determination which ended the â€Å"rogue and peasant slave† soliloquy. In fact, in the Quarto of 1603 the â€Å"To be† speech comes BEFORE the players’ scene and the nunnery scene – and is thus more logically positioned to show its emotional connection to the previous soliloquy (Nevo 46).

Religion and Morality Essay

Morality as dependant on religion The idea of whether morality and religion are linked or not was first looked upon by Plato, where in his Euthyphro Dilemma he asks, ‘Is what is pious loved by the Gods because it is pious, or is something pious because it is loved?’ In other words he is questioning whether things are good because God commands them to be, or does God command them because they are good? I will first examine the view followed by theists today, that things are good because God loves them and that religion and morality are linked. There are a number of ways which you can establish a possible link between religion and morality, the first being heteronomously. Heteronomy is the view that morality depends on religious belief, or things derived from religion. The rules in heteronomous societies are from religious authority so will obviously be linked to religion, however a non-religious person is still capable of being heteronomous as they live and abide by the culture’s laws therefore adopting a morality based on religion. To a certain extent it is hard to deny aspects of heteronomy, since words like ‘good’ and ‘evil’ are shaped by religion. It would be hard to present an ethical theory free from these terms. A theonomous link can also be made, where morality and religion depend on one source (for example, in Western cultures God) who is the fundamental designer of what is moral. Unlike Heteronomy, Theonomy does not require a religious authority as it is to do with the individual’s personal belief in the aforementioned source. The Natural Law theory developed by Aquinas is considered theonomous, in which an uncaused cause is the creative source for all. We can access God directly in this theory by fulfilling our purposes in life set by Him at our creation. The view that things are good through God’s command is directly illustrated in The Divine Command Theory, the common theory adopted by believers in the God of Classical Theism. According to Emil Brunner (1947), ‘The Good consists in always doing what God wills at any particular moment’, as it essentially impossible for God to command an evil act. If nothing was commanded or forbidden by God then there would be no wrong or right and arguably, there would be chaos. The DCT can be seen to provide a strong foundation for a stable necessary morality to be built upon as well as personal reasons to abide by it. For example, taken from the views of Kant (although not directly aimed at the DCT) the belief in the existence of an afterlife gives us incentive to live a moral life, which we otherwise may not be able to force ourselves to do. The presence of such an afterlife, and the fear of punishment make it rational (According to William Craig) to go against your own self-interest for the benefit of others, as self-sacrificial acts are looked upon well by God. This provides more answers to the question ‘Why be Moral?’ The DCT can be accessed through the Decalogue in the Bible (Exodus 20, old Testament), which provides a set of ten absolute, deontological commands by God. Also through the New Testament in Jesus’ ‘Sermon on the Mount’ where he makes laws much more situationalist with teachings such as ‘Love your neighbour’, which are flexible and apply to many situations. Finally, many theists argue that it does not make sense for morals to exist in a non-moral universe as there is nowhere they originate from, they don’t fit into a natural universe. They do however fit into a theistic universe where they were created by a moral creator (i.e God), it is then easy to see why they exist. This is supported by philosophers such as John Newman who states that feelings of responsibility and guilt point to God, and by D.I Trethowan, who suggests that an awareness of obligation is an awareness of God. Aii) Morality as independent from Religion A belief in morality as being totally independant from God is an autonomous belief, and there are many arguments in compliance with Autonomy, very much to do with the idea of free-will. If we really are to act with personal freedom of choice then we cannot act out of fear of God’s punishment, it totally voids the notion of free-will; and if God is omniscient and omnipotent he would know what decisions we are to make anyway and he would have the ability to stop us making the wrong ones. James Rachels concludes that no being like God can exist who requires us to abandon our moral autonomy is worth worshipping. There are theories in concurrence with Autonomy which allow still for a good, firm morality without dependency on religion such as Utilitarianism (greatest good for greatest number) so it can be said that religion is unnecessary There are many autonomous arguments against the DCT, beginning with the fact that God himself is not bound by any moral law. This would mean that God’s Ten Commandments could easily have been totally the opposite to what they are, encouraging acts like murder and we would still consider them to be good as God is the epitemy of good. This worrying problem was recognized by philosophers such as G.W Leibniz, who decreed, ‘Why praise him for what he has done, if he would be equally as praiseworthy if he had done the contrary?’ There is belief that if God had commanded acts such as murder, people still would not do them as we through our intuition feel they are intrinsically wrong. Another difficulty with the DCT lies in the many different interpretations which can be drawn from God. The existence of lots of different religions all with equal claim to God makes it very complicated as we cannot tell which one is right. Also, if morality depends on God then surely it would be impossible for an atheist to live a moral life, but this is obviously untrue as so many atheists do live morally. Further criticisms of the DCT stem from its assumption that God is omnibenevolent, a claim which is not easy to comprehend for the atheist because of the undeniable existence of evil. Lastly, many people argue that religion is itself immoral, as it is through religion that the most part of suicide bomb attacks, and other horrific acts are carried out. Examples could be drawn from the events in America involving the Twin Towers, or more recently the teacher in Sudan who is imprisoned for allowing a teddy to be named after the prophet Muhammad. If not for religion, these arguably ridiculous acts would never be justifiable. Hume said on the subject, ‘the errors in religion are dangerous; those in philosophy only ridiculous. Richard Dawkins in ‘The God Delusion’, clearly advocates the theory that religion is immoral when he discusses the story of Lot. This ‘righteous’ man is to be saved from the destruction of Soddom and Gomorrah because he is the most worthy man, however he offers his daughters for gang rape. According to Dawkins this emphasizes the serious disrespect for women in an intensely religious culture. B) To what extent is one of these claims more convincing than the other Going back to the basics of the Divine Command Theory, there are 613 commands in the Bible which were originally in effect, but are not now because they are ‘outdated’, and theists argue that an omniscient God used them knowing they would be relevant for different times. These theists fail, however to a provide a logical explanation for why there is nothing in the Bible which can be related to biological advances such as cloning, an omniscient God should be capable of filling in these gaps in moral law. Furthermore, as Dawkins relevantly points out – how can someone decide that parts of the Bible are now irrelevant, this is just picking and choosing which parts are in your best interest to follow. This suggests that the Bible and therefore the DCT does not in fact provide a stable foundation for morality as there are numerous conclusions to be drawn from ‘relevant’ parts. It must also be taken into consideration that the Bible is not in its original form, through hundreds of years it has been composed and revised so (as put forward by Dawkins again) does it not seem strange that we base our whole morality on such a distorted teaching. Another feature of the DCT, is that everyone will be judged by God, punished for their sins, often in the form of natural disasters. People could say that the recent tsunami and Hurricane Katrina incidents were a form of punishment, but as Dawkins once again highlights, why did this have to happen? It is hard to believe that everyone who died in these disasters was evil, so why could our omnipotent God of Classical Theism not just strike down the individuals without causing so much collateral damage. Moreover, this persuasively further argues the immoral messages religion can be seen to give. Often, it is argued that the set in stone rules of the DCT inspire people to live a moral life out of the incentive of making it to heaven, and avoiding hell. This may be true, but does it not tarnish the goodness of an act when it is done out of selfish reason? Does it then make that act immoral? Yes it does, so it can then be said that the DCT again fails to provide a stable, reasonable basis for morality. These set in stone rules are also cause for discussion, as they are obviously inarguable to a Divine Command Theorist. To them, consequentialist views such as killing someone to save a greater number would undisputedly be wrong. Even if our intuition is what is telling us that defying a command is right, the believer in DCT would say it is our intuition at fault; They do, however fail to take into consideration that by their own decrees intuition is given to us by God to live morally, so why would we intuitively want to go against God? Dawkins’ arguments suggest that religion is responsible for the most part of evil in the world and his descriptions of people like terrorists as e.g. ‘Not psychotic; they are religious idealists who, by their own lights, are rational’ certainly make sense. However he makes it seem that no religious person has the capacity to do good, which can easily be refuted at the mere mention of the names Mother Theresa, or Martin Luther King. He also unsurprisingly doesn’t mention the likes of atheist like Stalin who birthed communism in Russia. Despite this, the majority of Dawkins views and the massive flaws in the DCT show the latter statement in the initial question (‘Is something good because God commands it, or does God command something because it is good?’) to be the most convincing of the two. Although the DCT offers a way for humanity to be good, religion itself harbors too many inconsistencies to base everything we stand for on.

Factors Affecting Teaching Profession in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Currently, issues related to teaching profession have become a topic of debate. This paper describes teaching as a profession, rationale for teaching and factors affecting teaching profession in Tanzania. This paper goes further to deliberate on how teaching may be transformed into a strong and powerful profession in Tanzania. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Occupational status depends on the public valuing of the competence, role and overall contribution of a particular occupation to individual and societal welfare.Regardless of development status, the teaching force in most countries has never enjoyed full professional status. However, the status of teachers as a developing-profession is more evident in developing countries like Tanzania. If it has to be traced back during colonial era and early years of independence the status of teaching professions was highly respected and valued, as during those times teachers were given fully respect and they were recognized by the societies, never the less, the introduction of Musoma resolution in 1974 and Arusha declaration in 1967 strengthened the status of teaching profession.But soon after the introduction of universal primary education (UPE) in 1977 the status of teaching profession started to decline and seems to be of very low status as most people think of it as the work of those who failed or they have no alternative of life but to be rescued by the teaching profession. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Teaching has been defined by Wells, G. 1982) as cluster of activities that are noted about teachers such as explaining, deducing, questioning, motivating, taking attendance, keeping record of works, students’ progress and students’ background information. Profession refers to enterprises or endeavor founded up on specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply services to others or it is an occupation that requires extensive education or training (Babyegeya and Mushi, 2009 ) in (Ndibalema, P 2012). 2. 0 TEACHING PROFESSION . 1 teaching as a profession Teachers are more than workers. They are also members of a profession. Their occupation renders definite and essential services to society. As a profession, however, teaching has had a long and difficult history. Its social and cultural functions have never been critically challenged, but nevertheless the public has not adequately supported teaching, Compared with other learned professions such as medicine, law, engineering, and architecture teaching ranks rather low.Goodson (2003) noted that Occupations that have attained professional status share the following characteristics: a high level of education and training based on a unique and specialized body of knowledge, a strong ideal of public service with an enforced professional code of conduct and high levels of respect from the public at large, registration and regulation by the profession itself, trusted to act in the clients‘ best interests w ithin a framework of accountability, a supportive working environment, similar levels of compensation as other professions.As noted above, a profession requires a lengthy period of academic and practical training. Training and certification are essential parts of a profession. Period long training is needed to develop specialists and technicians in any profession. There must be some specification of the nature of the training through state regulations. Teaching certainly fulfils this criterion, but the teacher‘s period of training is not as long as that required for doctors and lawyers. The code of ethics indicates how members of the profession should behave.Professionalization occurs when enforcement is possible and vigorous (Ankomah, 2005). Tanzanian teachers have an ethical code of conduct. There exist however, no licensed body to enforce the codes. 2. 2 Rationale for Teaching Profession By its very nature, teaching possesses two very appealing traits. First, it deals with the young, with those whose minds and characters are forming. It is a privilege to be entrusted with the task of facilitating the growth and development of the younger generation. Second, teaching provides opportunities for intellectual development.It brings those who pursue it into intimate contact with books, experiments, and ideas. 3. 0 FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHING PROFESSION 3. 1 Education and Training In Tanzania teaching profession ranges from degree level which takes three years, diploma level which takes two years and certificate level which takes two years, but due to country policy and demand of teachers those years of training do vary. For example in 2005/6 there was clash program of three months where form six leavers were trained to be teachers in secondary schools, so this situation seems to jeopardize the teaching profession.Consequently, as an occupational group, teachers do not have the equivalent level of education and training nor the cohesiveness as well establishe d professions, such as medical doctors, engineers and lawyers, which have uniformly high academic entry qualifications (Ingvarson, 1998). 3. 2 Self-Regulation The established professions enjoy a high degree of self-regulation and are successful in maintaining high barriers to entry in terms of qualification requirements and registration.Teachers, on the other hand, tend to have weak, state-dominated professional organizations with factions (Wells, 1982). 3. 3 Public Service belief and Professional Conduct Teaching has become employment of the last source of help among university graduates and secondary school leavers in many countries. Consequently, teachers often lack a strong, long-term commitment to teaching as a vocation. On a comparative note, around one-half of (Form 4 and 6) secondary school leavers in Tanzania who finished school in 1990 were employed as teachers in 2001.Thus, in the absence of alternative employment opportunities, becoming a school teacher is the main avenu e for social and economic advancement for Tanzanian graduates (Ibid). 3. 4 The Work Environment and Remuneration Teachers rarely enjoy the same work environment as other professions. The size of the teaching force coupled with lower educational qualifications means that teachers are also paid considerably less than the mainstream professions. For example in Tanzania teachers’ live in poor houses and other lacks even those poor houses.And they also lack teaching facilities like books, teaching aids and well equipped classrooms (Goodson, 2003). 3. 5 The Social Class and Academic Background of Entrants to the Profession The standing of a profession is to some extent affected by the social class background of its recruits; the higher the social strata from which recruits generally come, the higher the status of the profession. And, of course, the higher the status of a profession, the more it will attract recruits from the higher social strata (Hoyle, 1969).Also the teaching prof ession in Tanzania is affected, since those who are recruited into the education field of study are considered to have low grades that look education as the last option (Ingvarson, 1998). 3. 6 Commitment to the Profession Another problem that is affecting teaching as a profession is how committed are the teachers to the profession. There is no doubt that membership of the major professions implies a life commitment to the task. In the case of teaching, no such a life commitment to the task of teaching is apparent as in other professions.There are a number of factors that contribute to this state of affairs. One of these factors is the general notion of teaching as a second Choice profession with many of the teachers only committing themselves to it at a late stage when they know that they cannot change their profession. Majority of the teachers at the initial stage of their teaching career did not expect to stay in teaching for more than a few years. They consider it as a stepping s tone to other occupations. This invariably affects their commitment to the profession (Hargreaves, 2001). . 7 Salary Although the economic status of the teacher has been steadily improving, teachers do not in general receive salaries comparable to those received within the major professions. As a result commitment to the growth of the profession is affected (Ibid). 3. 8 Pupil-Teacher Ratios The weak correlation between school enrolments and the numbers of teachers employed in each school is the most obvious indicator of poor deployment. Variations in pupil-teacher ratios between schools are typically very large in most countries.For example, in Tanzania the mid-late 1990s, they ranged from 50 to 70 pupils to 1 teacher. Recently, however improvements are being made to balance pupil-teacher ratio to 30-45 pupils to 1 teacher (Ankomah, 2005). 4. 0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION After seeing what affect the teaching profession there are various measures which can be taken into considerat ion so as to restore and revive the status of teaching profession in Tanzania, some of them are elaborated hereunder:- 4. 1 Need for Commitment to the Profession. Commitments bear no fruit until they are substantiated by action.Once they have affirmed their commitments, teachers must devote their time and energies to their professional activities. Teachers should actively join in curricular development, instructional design, and technical planning, as well as policy making. They should have certain organized ways in which they can participate in the formation of the controlling aims, methods, and materials of the school system of which they are a part. Therefore, teachers' organizations have a very important role to play in the advancement of the teaching profession. 4. Innovative pathways in recruitment and continual innovation in teacher preparation programmes are required. Teacher preparations programmes need to broaden their entry requirements to diversify the teaching corps and better represent diverse student populations. Teacher preparation programmes require innovative recruitment pathways that allow entry for non-traditional candidates. Teacher preparation programmes require continual innovation to respond to changing needs. 4. 3 Teacher education is enhanced by comprehensive teacher induction that fosters lifelong learning.Induction is most effective when seen as a comprehensive system beyond just support and assistance for beginning teachers. Effective professional development strategies seek the active involvement of teachers and are largely school-based, developmental in nature and ongoing. 5. 0 REFERENCES Ankomah, Y. A. (2005 November). Priorities in Relation to Leadership and Management for Change. A Paper Presented at National Consultative Workshop on Educational Quality Implementation at Accra Ghana. Goodson, I. (2003).Professional knowledge, professional lives: Studies in education. Maidenhead, Open University Press. Hargreaves, A. , Earl, L. , Moore, S. , and Manning, S. (2001). Learning to change: Teaching beyond subjects and standards. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Ingvarson, L. (1998). A professional development system fit for a profession. London: Bell Inc. Ndibalema, P (2012). Professionalism and ethics in education. Students’ compendium. University of Dodoma, Creative Prints Ltd. Wells, G. (1982). Teacher research and educational change. Toronto, OISE Press, pp. 1-35.

Econ of Black Comm Dev. Davis-Bacon Act Debate Essays - Free Essays

Econ of Black Comm Dev. Davis-Bacon Act Debate Essays - Free Essays 1.Defender ~ Olivia Lewis 2.Detractor ~ Tawndy 3.Moderator/Scribe ~Taylor Walker September 3, 2015 Econ of Black Community Development 788 Davis-Bacon Act Debate For/DefenderAgainst/Detractor Group 1 Debate/ DiscussionI am in support of the Davis-Bacon Act, as workers in cities are facing unemployment as a result of the ability for manufacturers to simply lower wages and bring in new workers. Benefits all workers Fair, deserved pay, fair competition Force companies to hire unionized workers oProvides proper protection of workers Set wage oAllows laborers to afford expenditures in the city Improve work morale Creates equity in the work placeI am in opposition of the Davis-Bacon Act, contractors and subcontractors are performing on federally funded or assisted contracts in excess of $2000 for construction, alteration, or repair of public buildings, or public works. Racist origins oAuthor was racist Lest immigration upset nations racial status quo oKeeps blacks from competition w/ ununionized white workers oAct passed with the intention of preventing non-unionized and immigrant laborers from competing with unionized white workers for scarce jobs during the Great Depression Currently, has devastating impact Nonunionized black workers are underrepresented in highly unionized skilled trades and over represented in pool of unskilled workers Restricts economic opportunities of low-income individuals oMinority contracting firms are often small, non-unionized, & cant pay prevailing wage Requires contractors to pay unskilled laborers prevailing wage for any job performed oForces contractors to hire skilled tradesmen Selecting workers from pool dominated by whites Creates barrier for unskilled o/ low-skilled workers Low income blacks cannot reap the benefits of the well paid construction industry

Simple Web Page Hit Counter Code Using PHP and MySQL

Simple Web Page Hit Counter Code Using PHP and MySQL Website stats provide important information to a website owner about how the site is doing and how many people visit. A hit counter counts and displays how many people visit  a webpage. The code for a counter varies depending on the programming language used and the amount of information you want the counter to collect. If you, like many website owners, use PHP and MySQL with your website, you can generate a simple hit counter for your webpage using PHP and MySQL. The counter stores the hit totals in a MySQL database. The Code To get started, create a table to hold the counter statistics. Do that by  executing this code: CREATE TABLE counter ( counter INT( 20 ) NOT NULL );INSERT INTO counter VALUES (0); The code creates a database  table named  counter with a single field also called counter, which stores the number of hits the site receives. It is set to start at 1, and the count increases by one each time the file is called. Then the new number  is displayed. This process is accomplished with this PHP code: ?php// Connects to your Database mysql_connect(your.hostaddress.com, username, password) or die(mysql_error()); mysql_select_db(Database_Name) or die(mysql_error());//Adds one to the countermysql_query(UPDATE counter SET counter counter 1);//Retrieves the current count$count mysql_fetch_row(mysql_query(SELECT counter FROM counter));//Displays the count on your siteprint $count[0]; ? This simple hit counter doesnt give the website owner valuable information such as whether the visitor is a repeat visitor or a first-time visitor, the location of the visitor, which page was visited, or how much time the visitor spent on the page. For that, a more sophisticated analytics program is necessary. Counter Code Tips Wanting to know the number of people who visit your site makes sense. When you are comfortable with the simple counter code,  you can personalize the code in several ways to work better with your website and gather the information you seek. Customize the database, table, and code to include other informationHold the counter in a separate file and retrieve it using include ()Format the counter text using regular HTML around the include functionCreate different rows on the counter table for additional pages on your website

Argument papper draft #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument papper draft #2 - Essay Example However, United Nations in 2000 asserts that there is variety in the average marital age difference across different cultures. For instance, in some African societies, the average difference in terms of age between married partners is three times that in most Western countries, revolving around 10 years in most cases. Moreover, 10 years appears to be the maximum acceptable difference on average for a romantic partner, particularly for women. This is because differences beyond 10 years are not seen as normative by most societies. Another way to explain men and women’s partner age preferences is to think of heterosexual relationships in social exchange terms. Social exchange theory proposes that how we feel about a given social interaction or relationship fundamentally depends upon the costs to be incurred and benefit associated with it. Basically, when rewards are more than the costs to be incurred in a relationship, we tend to feel good about it and will in most cases stay in it and vice versa. Conversely, an older man providing his resources for a young, attractive woman can be seen as a social exchange where he provides shelter, food, and security in exchange for sex with her bringing about an opportunity to procreate. Such an arrangement is likely to be seen as a favorable because it me ets important needs for both partners. Another explanation for men and women’s partner age preferences is by considering the social role theory which argues that the traditional division of labor between the sexes has resulted in women assuming the social role of providing domestic labor and men fulfilling the social role of providing. Thus leading women to look for financially stable men who are mostly older and men looking for younger women who look productive and attractive. The tendency for women to marry older men so as to have them provide for them is changing as more women are in the labor force as

Mills and Boons Collaboration with the RFU Case Study

Mills and Boons Collaboration with the RFU - Case Study Example There are various ways of segmenting the market. There are mainly four bases on which a consumer market can be segmented. The geographical segmentation is based on the area and the population's characteristics of the segment. Then there are demographical factors that include the age, gender, income and status of family and other related factors (Stanton, Etzel, 2003). Psychographic factors are the attitudes of the people in the market segment, whereas behavioral segmentation is the price, brand loyalty and price of the product. Demographic factors are a useful indicator because the marketer would need to see that what age group reads the novels of Mills and Boon. Normally the age bracket of its novel readers is between 18 to 34 years of age. Age is an important characteristic because the demands of an individual changes with time and therefore it is necessary for the product to fulfill the desires of each one of the changing demands. The novel should have something for everyone. Their target is females who are more inclined towards romantic novels. The idea behind this deal between Mills and Boons and RFU is to increase the female readership of Boons and Mills novels. By including the rugby players as the heroes of these novels, it will make them more attractive and appealing for young women who are educated and who would love to see the energetic, glamorized players as the romantic heroes. This is expected to boost the demand for the novels as those who already read them will get an extra flavor to it, wh ereas even the sports fans might just go ahead and buy these novels. The marketer will have to access the psychographic factors in the market because only those will be willing to buy these novels who either love to read romantic fiction or are a sports freak. People who are not into reading and sports will not care to pay attention to it at all. Moreover who are risk takers would like to try to read something different and look forward to the new subject. Also the buying of the romantic novels depends on the mind set of an individual, the lifestyle and the culture altogether. Behavioral factors can also be utilized to segment the market for readers. For this the kind of people to be targeted will have extensive knowledge related to the subject therefore while marketing the novel to them the marketer will need to satisfy them. The there are habitual buyers who have a passion for romantic novels. There will be some people for whom the price will be a consideration and can affect their decision making, while there will be some who would buy it out of brand loyalty (Kotler, Armstrong, 2003). These factors can be utilized by Mills and Boons and RFU in order to divide the market into segments and then come up with an appropriate marketing strategy for each one of them. This will help to allocate resources effectively and make work easier. Question - 2 Mills and Boon was founded in the year 1908. Over the period of time it has

The Concept of Bureaucracy as an Effective System of Organization Essay - 1

The Concept of Bureaucracy as an Effective System of Organization - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that various descriptions and concepts have been developed regarding bureaucracy. From the definition, bureaucracy can be described as a management system intended to handle the affairs of the state and organize the relationship between the state and the citizens. Max Weber, a sociologist, described bureaucracy extensively, and his ideas are more or less acceptable. Some of his works include the Rational Efficient Organization. While political scientists describe bureaucracy as state administration, the economists use the term in describing the non-market organizations. Â  To some extent, most organizations have been bureaucratized. Our mechanistic thinking mode has shaped the basic concepts of what entails a good organization. Such thinking has played a major role in defining how an organization defines its responsibilities and accountability involved. According to theorists, institutions, and organizations, bureaucracy can adversely affe ct strategies regarding the way through which they want to achieve their objectives. However, at times, those organizations and institutions may tend to disagree on how to shape and reshape their interests and goals. From an organizational perspective, institutions and organizations can easily endow the individual actors with interests and goals on condition that some specific features of an organization remain in place. Bureaucracy gives bosses control over their subordinates and subordinates should, in turn, follow the instructions. As a result, subordination and control form the major section of a bureaucratic system to form the organizing principles guiding decisions, directing actions and determining the outcomes. Each employee should follow the instructions given to them by their seniors. Research shows that bureaucratic practices create in peoples’ mind lack of curiosity, making them function only within some limits based on set rules and regulations. The bureaucratic mind will, therefore, being in control, use the authority to control reformation ability of the system. In such a system, no person has the power of initiating any changes or proposing drastic changes that can disrupt prevailing peace and order.

Overview Of The Nigerian Financial Sector And Economy Finance Essay

Overview Of The Nigerian Financial Sector And Economy Finance Essay CHAPTER 2 Nigeria is one of the largest countries in Africa. It was a colony of the British Empire. In 1960, after the abolishment of the colonization, Nigeria became independent and a new country was established and ruled by Nigerians. This was viewed as an outstanding milestone in that Nigeria at that time was viewed as one of the African countries with apparent growth potentials and it was believed that it will rise up to defend all other Africa countries dignity. However, this dream could neither be materialized nor actualized. Nigeria is known as a federal country, which consists of thirty-six different states and a federal capital territory. This nature of Nigeria came about due to the fact that Nigeria is a multi-cultural society, consisting of different ethnic groups with their respective languages and cultural identity. Nigeria is a culturally diverse country. Nigeria is a country blessed with vast mineral resources ranging from agricultural products which includes cash crops like coffee, pepper, cocoa, palm kernel, timber and rubber. Also mineral resources like tin, columbite, steel, bauxite, crude oil and natural gas are of vast availability. Amongst these; crude oil constitutes the largest revenue. Table 2.1 below contains the data for the economic and business environment which explains Nigeria at glance. Table 1: Overview of Nigerian Economic and Business Environment: The Economic Profile. 1 Land Area 923,773 Square kilometers 2 Population 140,000,000 3 GDP 140 Billion (2007) 4 GDP Growth 10% 5 GDP/H $1,200 6 % Petroleum to Total Revenue 95% 7 % Petroleum to Export Earnings 95% 8 Average Daily Output 2.3b/d 9 Oil Reserves 40bb 10 Gas Reserves 150 Trillion Cubic Meter. 11 Average Interest Rates 22% per annum 12 Average Inflation 17% 13 Exchange Rates N240/GBP $1 : N150 14 Major Trading Partners UK, USA, Spain, Germany, France and China. 15 Cost Of Capital 8.7 16 Country Rating BB by SP, Moody and Fitch. Source: Husaini Muhammad (2010), Pg.4. Given the economic profile above, one can discover all the indicators needed in seeing the strengths and weaknesses of the Nigerian financial sector and the economy at large. By looking at the land area, it can be seen that the huge population of 140 million people, which comprises of vast young population that are perceived to be productive labor force, both skilled and un-skilled since technical expertise is closely associated with the literacy level in a country which Nigeria has high level of illiteracy rate as indicated by most of the international organizations in their development reports such as the international monetary fund and the world bank. As can be seen from the report above, petroleum is one of the major exports which are in fact the main export that generates revenues for Nigeria. Nigeria is the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the world and the 8th largest exporter, and has the 10th largest proven reserves. (The country joined OPEC in 1971). Petroleum plays a large role in the Nigerian economy, accounting for 40% of GDP and 80% of Government earnings. However, agitation for better resource control in the Niger Delta, its main oil producing region, has led to disruptions in oil production and currently prevents the country from exporting at 100% capacity (Wikipedia, 2010) As the report shows, 95% of the revenue that is generated as a result of export is through petroleum and the rest of the 5% includes all other activities from different sectors such as the agriculture, services and so on. The revenue generated from the sale of petroleum is huge amounting to 44 billion USD, which in principle can be enough for the development of Nigeria infrastructure and other sectors as well. Yet upon the huge revenues from the oil sector, the GDP Per capita is relatively low compared to most of the countries in the world that are by far poorer than Nigeria in every aspect. Nigeria has been classified by the World Bank group as a lower middle income country. Also according to the Economist Intelligence Unit and the World Bank, Nigerian GDP at purchasing power parity has nearly doubled from $170.7Â  billion in 2005 to 292.6Â  billion in 2007. The GDP per head has jumped from $692 per person in 2006 to $1,754 per person in 2007 (Wikipedia, 2010). Almost Doubling of the GDP per head and GDP at purchasing power parity is a sign that Nigerian economy is doing well, because as we have known that these aggregate measures are the ones being used to access the growth potential and facts of a certain country, which therefore makes Nigeria a potential place for investment as a result of the certain improvements mentioned that took place. A clear sign shows that when GDP per capita increases and the purchasing power also increases, the welfare of the people is attached to that because the whole poverty index decreases as a result thereby increasing the living standards of Nigerians in general. The fact also shows that Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, the eighth most populous country in the world, and the most populous country in the world in which the majority of the population is black. It is listed among the Next Eleven economies, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The economy of Nigeria is one of the fastest growing in the world, with the International Monetary Fund projecting a growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009 .It is the second largest economy in Africa, and is a regional power that is also the hegemon in West Africa (Wikipedia, 2010) This gives Nigerians privileged amongst their African counterparts. With the growth rate increasing from a lower figure to the level of 9%, even though it decreased by 0.7% is not that much but taking in to consideration that its an aggregate measure, this makes it very important because all sectors are included and therefore, the whole economy is taken into consideration. 2.2 The Formal Financial Sector Formal financial sector consists of all regulated financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. What determines a formal financial sector changes from country to country because of the differences in the level of their respective economic developments. The way the formal financial sector is shaped depends on how market environment is perceived in a given country. Nigerian financial sector consists of different sections. These sections include: 2.2.1 The Regulatory Authorities The Nigerian Financial System comprises bank and non-bank financial institutions which are regulated by the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), National Insurance Commission (NIC), Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN), and the National Board for Community Banks (NBCB).These agencies are briefly discussed below: The Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF): The Federal Ministry of Finance advises the Federal Government on its fiscal operation and co-operates with Central bank of Nigeria in monetary matter. Recent amendment to the laws of the Central Bank of Nigeria compels it to report through the Federal Ministry of Finance to the Presidency. This ministry serves as the centre where the whole economic activities are being viewed and also it acts as a linkage between the trades partnerships between Nigeria and the world. The minister who is dully in charge of all the financial as well as economic activities those are of interest to the Nigerian society. Also it serves as the centre that informs different business initiatives that are of particular interest on Nigeria. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN): This is the apex regulatory authority of the financial system. It was established by the Central Bank of Nigeria Act of 1958 and commenced operations on 1st July 1959. Among its primary functions, the Bank promotes monetary stability and a sound financial system, and acts as banker and financial advisor to the Federal Government, as well as banker of last resort to the banks. The Bank also encourages the growth and development of financial institutions. Enabling laws made in 1991, gave the Bank more flexibility in regulating and overseeing the banking sector and licensing finance companies which hitherto operated outside any regulatory framework. By the powers of the central bank of Nigeria, the whole economy and especially the financial sector is being regulated and overseen. This gives Nigerian financial sector, hence the banking sector a sound environment in which the banks and other financial sector actors performed well even during the recent e conomic down turn. The Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC): This compliments the regulatory and supervisory role of the central bank of Nigeria. It is however autonomous of the CBN and reports to Federal Ministry of Finance. The NDIC effectively took off in 1989 and was set up to provide deposit insurance and related services for banks in order to promote confidence in the banking industry. The NDIC is empowered to examine the books and affairs of insured banks and other deposit-taking financial institutions. Licensed banks are mandated to pay of 1% of their total deposit liabilities as insurance premium to the NDIC. A depositors claim is limited to maximum of N50, 000.00 in the event of a bank failure. The Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN): The FMBN took over the assets and liabilities of the Nigerian Building Society. The FMBN provides banking and advisory services, and undertakes research activities pertaining to housing. Following the adoption of the National Housing Policy in 1990, The FMBN is empowered to license and regulate primary mortgage institutions in Nigeria and act as the apex regulatory body for the mortgage finance industry. The financing function of the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria was carved out and transferred to the Federal Mortgage Finance, while the FMBN retains its regulatory role. The FMBN is under the control of the Central Bank. With this bank serving as the apex regulatory authority for the mortgage industry in Nigeria, investors have hugely invested in real estate and this has been in boom right from the adequate regulation of the mortgage sector in Nigeria. The Financial Services Coordinating Committee (FSCC): This is a committee established to co-ordinate the activities of all regulatory institutions in the financial system. The Committee is chaired by the Federal Minister of Finance. This committee is one of the important nails of the Nigerian financial sector because it reports on basis the strengths and shortcomings of the financial sector and the economy at large. By having that report as needed, and by co-operating with the legislative body which is the parliament, which is responsible for passing the budget allocation and its ratification, the whole financial system is being scanned to meet the needs of the present world and make the sector as competitive as possible with adequate regulations and supervisions. Figure 1: A Typical Nigerian Financial System Source: Husaini Muhammad (2010), Pg.8. 2.3 The Informal Financial Sector While the formal sector consists of the highly regulated portion of the economy that deals with the day-to-day operations of the economy, the informal sector as well play a very big and important role in the economy. Its true that the informal sector is un-regulated, and as a result, certain benefits that the economy get from different sectors is being missed, one cannot say that its not an important sector of the economy. This is because of the fact that the informal sector in some countries is perceived to be an added option when it comes to job opportunities. Job opportunities are almost endless when it comes to the informal sector perspective because anytime a person wants to enter it can be possible as a result of its nature of not being regulated and taken into consideration. Millions of dollars are being traded in the informal sector. Lets take an example of the black money market in Nigeria. This market consists of people selling and buying currencies and exchanging currencie s, which huge transactions takes place every day of the year. Why most of the time people prefer this sector and why that it disregards all the regulatory rules that are been exerted on those businesses called bureau de change which are dealing with the currency exchange. One can go directly and buy or sell any currency he/she wishes and leave in peace without giving any identity in carrying out the transaction. Traditionally, the informal sector in Nigeria comprises not only of the currency exchange market, it consists of different modes of transactions have been happening long periods of time. In the old days, inhabitants of different districts in Nigeria have their own ways of transacting currencies from one place to another, and these ways were all informal. Long before the arrival of the colonial powers, inhabitants in the country now called Nigeria were dealing with outside traders. This trade depends entirely of the closeness of the trade in terms of distance. For long time; the Arab caravan traders have penetrated the northern Nigeria since before the coming of the white colonial powers. This made them to know and get exposed to the world of gold as an object-serving like a currency for exchange of goods and services at that time. The southern part of Nigeria too had its on exposure with the white men, which its believed that they stayed there for decades before they penetrated to th e mainland Nigeria. By looking at the recent situations compared to the old days that I have discussed above, the situation some few decades changed as a result of the changing nature of the world itself due to different developments that took place. Clearly it has been observed that different ways of savings and business techniques developed amongst different ethnic entities in Nigeria. A common way where poor people used to save to gather money in order to use for the future, as its believed that poor people always have the thought of saving for the future because they always feel insecure that they are poor, with also cultural and religious beliefs that made the poor to save for their future welfare. In Nigeria, there used to be special kind of people who usually are informal groups that go round taking money from people in their job places, these kinds of people serve like the village bank, where they accept the money as deposit and save it for the people. This kind of agreement between the inhabitants of the respected area and the people going round to collect their money is in form of trust between them. Although it defers between community to community, the whole idea is the same which is deposit taking and saving, but what remains interesting here is that in some cases, these people that agree to save form group amongst them, and one or two people among them collect the money after it has been accumulated, usually they gather the money for some months, ranging from 6-12 months. The people that collect the money usually use it to boost their businesses and have agreements such as paying higher than what they have taken after some few month, which they are required to return b ack the money to the deposit taker, which another person among them will get the same and this procedure turns round and round. This is only one of the interesting cases because it gives us an insight of what informally the financial sector had been conducted in Nigerian villages and towns. These kinds of activities discussed above were those that gave rise to the need for the rural or remote area inhabitants to organize groups which are little bit stronger than the ones before. These groups were mainly in the form of Non-Governmental Organization NGOs that represent the interest of the inhabitants. Solidarity and trust were the main mechanism behind the driven force of these organizations. Moving from Southern to Northern Nigeria, these organizations became popular as every community wants to have a proper lead and a controlling leader that will prevent their business interests. Taking an example of the eastern part of Nigeria where is inhabited predominantly by the Igbo speaking tribe. Igbo people are known to have elders in their communities long before the western influence came to Nigeria. Apart from the elders, a king also is available. The elders are the king-makers, so they have the controlling power. These elders organize community groups which purposely protec t the businesses of the poor people from being bullied by the richer ones.so this is a typical example that can be seen as protection of the minority businesses against any monopolistic pressure from other bigger businesses around, hence one can conclude that this constitute the earlier version of micro-finance of a village think. These kinds of savings that the remote inhabitants engaged have been named differently among the ethnic groups in Nigeria. Generally there are three major ethnic groups in Nigeria which comprises of the Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo. These groups provide savings and credit services to their members. The informal microfinance arrangements operate under different names: esusu among the Yorubas of Western Nigeria, etoto for the Igbos in the East and adashi in the North for the Hausas (CBN, 2000). This became one of the main driven forces behind the establishments of the modern day micro-finance banks in Nigeria. The informal associations that operate traditional microfinance in various forms are found in all the rural communities in Nigeria (Otu, 2003). They also operate in the urban centers. However, the size of activities covered under the scheme has not been determined. 2.4 The Nigerian Banking System and Environment The Nigerian banking sector has been in existence right from the colonial era. The fact that Nigeria was a top producer of most of the needed cash crops by the colonial masters, it became an important need for the country to have a proper financial system that will be used in conducting the businesses efficiently. In 1892 Nigerias first bank, the African Banking Corporation, was established. No banking legislation existed until 1952, at which point Nigeria had three foreign banks (the Bank of British West Africa, Barclays Bank, and the British and French Bank) and two indigenous banks (the National Bank of Nigeria and the African Continental Bank) with a collective total of forty branches. A 1952 ordinance set standards, required reserve funds, established bank examinations, and provided for assistance to indigenous banks. Yet for decades after 1952, the growth of demand deposits was slowed by the Nigerian propensity to prefer cash and to distrust checks for debt settlements. (CIA, 1991). Since then,the Central Bank Of Nigeria has been the regulatory authorithy that oversees the whole banking system of nigeria in order to guarantee the soundness in the financial system.Since from its inception,many banks were given licences which could not perform well and some of them failed as a result of bad risk management or mis aapropriations of public funds.In the early years back some banks were reported to have weak capital base and some of them could not meet their daily liquidity needs,this rose the idea of tightening the regulatory standards of the establishing laws of the Central Bank Of Nigeria which led to the amendments of the CBN act in 1999 which restructure the banking system and tight risk management policies were implemented (CBN, Amendments Of CBNAct, 1999). As a result of adequate regulatory system by the CBN, in 2004 also another development took place. This development was aimed at a comprehensive change of the whole Nigerian banking industry, particularly the deposit money banks which are otherwise knows as conventional or traditional banks.These major key points and solutions were proposed by the CBN Governor and are indicated in Appendix A. With these amendments taken into force in 2005, which made the banks to have adequate capital base to at least begin to be able to regain their reputations in the eyes of world. Before the reforms, Nigerian banking sector stopped attracting international investors due to the higher country risk and inadequate regulatory rules on the banking sector. Many businesses were attracted as a result of the reforms which increased the soundness of the banking and hence the financial sector in Nigeria. As a result, some banks had to merge with others because they cannot meet the capital requirement of 25 Billion Naira set by the CBN. This reduced the total number of the banks from 89 to 24 in 2005 as a result of the reforms (CBN, Banking Supervision Annual Report, 2008). Below is a table showing some of the banks that merged and acquired other banks as reported by the CBN bank supervision annual report in 2008. Table 2: Resolution Of Private Sector Deposits for Acquiring and assumed Banks. Source: Central Bank of Nigeria, Bank Supervision Annual Report, (2008).Pg.24. However, by looking at the table 2 above, its understandable for the Nigerian banks to merge because they had less capital base to continue with their operations and be able to meet-up and compete with the rest of the world. The merging of the banks gave them strength in terms of capital and also variables like number of branches and employees and hence human capital and technical expertise increased. Even though that some of the banks had to close down totally, that did not affect the financial system negatively in terms of performance measures accessed of the banks, instead efficiency is fostered and more reliability is seen in the banking sector as the whole aggregate balance sheet structure of the banking system showed below: Table 3: Aggregate Balance Sheet Structure of the Nigerian Banking System Source: Central Bank of Nigeria Bank Supervision Annual Reports (2010), Pg.68. Clearly changes have been seen between the pre-mergers/recapitalization and post-mergers/recapitalization of the banks. The pre-merger period which was the year 2004, the annual growth of the entire banks in the system was 12.24 percent and in 2008 which is the recent post-merger period, the annual growth rate stood at 60.43 percent, even though in 2007, a negative growth of 12.78 percent was realized. Certainly, this was an outstanding performance that indicated the working of the mergers between the previous 89 banks in the system. This clearly shows that the merging of the banks to 24 banks in number had brought to the banking system of Nigeria a sound sense that is perceived as a component that will aid in regaining the long-eroded trust of the industry in the eyes of the world. Therefore, this was and still is a tremendous milestone in the history of the Nigerian banking system. Table 4 below shows the list of the current 24 banks that came to being as a result of the mergers between the previous 89 banks. Note that some of the banks maintained their positions and name due to the fact that they met up with the requirements setup by the CBN. Table 4: List of the Current Banks in Nigeria. Institution Name Type Of Institution Date Re-registered Date Licensed 1 Access Bank Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 1/17/1990 1/17/1990 2 Afribank Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 1/3/2006 1/3/2006 3 Citibank Nigeria Limited Universal Bank 10/11/2004 10/8/2004 4 Diamond Bank Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 12/31/1990 12/31/1990 5 Ecobank Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 4/24/1989 4/24/1989 6 Equitorial Trust Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 7 Fidelity Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 8 First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 1/29/1979 1/29/1894 9 First City Monument Bank Plc. Universal Bank 11/11/1983 11/11/1983 10 First Inland Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 11 Guaranty Trust Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/17/1990 1/17/1990 12 Intercontinental Bank Plc. Universal Bank 10/2/1989 10/2/1989 13 Oceanic Bank International Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 1/31/2006 3/20/2000 14 Platinum Habib Bank Plc. Universal Bank 5/2/2001 5/2/2001 15 Skye Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/3/2006 1/3/2006 16 Spring Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/3/2006 1/3/2006 17 Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 18 Standard Chartered Bank Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 12/1/2004 6/9/1999 19 Sterling Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/25/1999 11/25/1960 20 Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 21 United Bank For Africa Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 22 Unity Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/2/2006 1/2/2006 23 Wema Bank Plc. Universal Bank 1/18/1965 1/17/1945 24 Zenith Bank Plc. Universal Bank 9/13/2004 6/20/1990 Source: Central Bank of Nigeria, (2010).